Electrons should first be accelerated to relativistic speeds to create synchrotron radiation. In the case of the Pohang Light Source, a linear accelerator performs this role. Here, electrons are initially generated from an electron gun and then accelerated through a 170-meter-long linear accelerator by 12 high-power 80 MW RF devices. At this stage, the energy of the electrons reaches 3 billion electron volts. These accelerated electrons are then sent to the storage ring through a 100-meter-long beam transport line.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Energy | 2.5 GeV |
| Beam Pulse Length | 1 ns |
| Beam Current | ~ 1 A |
| Pulse Repetition Rate | 10 pps |
| Emittance (normalized) | 130 mm-mrad (measured) |
| Bunch Length | 17-20 ps (measured) |
| Energy Spread | 0.6% (measured) |
The accelerating part of the linear accelerator consists of 12 accelerating modules, and the building is composed of a gallery and a tunnel. An accelerating module includes a modulator & a klystron that amplifies RF, a waveguide that transmits RF to the accelerating column, an accelerating column where electrons are accelerated, and a girder that holds the accelerating column. Additionally, to maintain the accelerating column at a constant temperature, a structure cools the waveguide and the accelerating column with cooling water. The RF generating system required to accelerate electrons from the electron gun to near the speed of light consists of a klystron and a modulator. The modulator supplies pulse power to the klystron, providing 400 kV, 500 A, and 8 μs pulses. The klystron utilizes the pulse power supplied by the modulator to act as a high-power RF amplifier. The operating frequency is 2.856 GHz, and it accepts 500 W and 4 μs input and produces approximately 80 MW and 4 μs klystron output, which is supplied to the accelerating column and used as an energy source to accelerate electrons.
The electron beam accelerated in the linear accelerator is injected into the storage ring through the Beam Transport Line (BTL). The total BTL length is 96 meters, and the path of the electron beam in BTL is determined by 2 horizontal dipole magnets (bending magnet) and 3 vertical dipole magnets, while 22 quadrupole magnets (focusing magnet) focus the beam.
All personal information handled by the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) is collected, retained, and processed based on relevant laws or with the consent of the information subject.
The "Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Public Institutions" provides general norms for handling such personal information. Pohang Accelerator Laboratory will handle the personal information it collects, retains, and processes lawfully and appropriately by the regulations of these laws to carry out public duties properly and protect the rights and interests of the public.
Also, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory respects your rights, such as the right to request access to or correction of personal information held by the laboratory by the regulations of relevant laws. You can request an administrative appeal against violating your rights according to the procedures defined in the Administrative Appeals Act.
The following explains Pohang Accelerator Laboratory's privacy policy. This policy consists of two parts: "Protection of Personal Information of PAL Websites Users," which aims to protect the personal information of users on several websites operated by the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and "Protection of Personal 온라인 슬롯 Processed by Computers," which covers the handling of personal information necessary for the execution of related tasks.
The 'Protection of Personal Information of PAL Websites Users' is explained below:
This is the PAL website. PAL appreciates your use of the PAL website and would like to explain its privacy policy regarding the website. This policy is based on the currently effective 'Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Public Institutions' and 'Basic Guidelines for the Protection of Personal Information in Public Institutions.' The PAL Websites operated by the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory are as follows, and unless otherwise specified, this policy applies to all PAL websites."
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) Website
When you use the bulletin board on the PAL website, the following 온라인 슬롯 is automatically collected and stored:
The 온라인 슬롯 automatically collected and stored as described above will be used for statistical analyses to improve and enhance the website to provide better services to users and facilitate smooth communication between users and the website. However, be aware that PAL may also submit this 온라인 슬롯 in accordance with legal regulations.
You can express your opinions through electronic methods such as Email, phone, or online electronic forms. Here are a few precautions to consider when choosing these methods.
While PAL is making administrative and technical efforts to ensure website security, avoid writing sensitive 온라인 슬롯 that could cause problems in the event of a security breach.
When you click on links or banners included in the various web pages operated by PAL to move to other sites or web pages, note that the privacy policy of the new site you visit will apply, as posted by that site's operating institution. Therefore, be sure to check the policy of the newly visited site.
You are not allowed to acquire personal 온라인 슬롯 that can be used for identification among the Email addresses from the PAL websites. Any person who views or is provided with such personal 온라인 슬롯 through improper means will be subject to penalties under Article 23 (Penalties) of the "Act on the Protection of Personal 온라인 슬롯 in Public Institutions."
If you discover any facts while using the PAL websites that suggest a potential breach of the rights and interests of an 온라인 슬롯 subject, including a possible leakage of personal 온라인 슬롯, please report them to the following contact:
The following is the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory's policy on handling and protecting the "Personal 온라인 슬롯 Processed by Computers."
The personal 온라인 슬롯 collected and retained by PAL is subject to strict restrictions on its use and provision, unlike general administrative 온라인 슬롯. Article 10 (Restrictions on the Use and Provision of Processed 온라인 슬롯) of the "Act on the Protection of Personal 온라인 슬롯 in Public Institutions" stipulates the following in this regard:
① The head of the 온라인 슬롯 retaining institution shall not use or provide processed 온라인 슬롯 for purposes other than the intended purpose of retaining the personal 온라인 슬롯 file, except in cases where it is used within the retention institution or provided to an external party by other laws.
② Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 1, the head of the institution retaining the 온라인 슬롯 may use the processed 온라인 슬롯 for purposes other than the intended purpose of retaining the personal 온라인 슬롯 file or provide it to another institution in any of the following cases. However, even in any of the following cases, if it is recognized that there is a concern about unjustly infringing on the rights and interests of the 온라인 슬롯 subject or a third party, this shall not apply:
③ When the head of the retaining institution provides processed 온라인 슬롯 to a person other than the 온라인 슬롯 subject by the provisions of Clause 2, No. (2) or No. (8), the head must put restrictions on the purpose and method of use of the recipient of the processed 온라인 슬롯 and other necessary matters and request the recipient to take necessary measures to ensure the safety of the processed 온라인 슬롯.
④ The head of the retaining institution may limit the use of processed 온라인 슬롯 to specific departments within the institution if deemed necessary to protect the rights and interests of the 온라인 슬롯 subject.
⑤ An institution using processed 온라인 슬롯 provided by the retaining institution shall not provide the processed 온라인 슬롯 to another institution without the consent of the providing institution.
However, even personal information may be disclosed in the following cases according to Article 9, Clause 1, No. 6 of the Official Information Disclosure Act:
The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory regularly provides information to other institutions based on the above law and other relevant individual laws.
The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory will strictly adhere to relevant laws and regulations when using and providing personal information to prevent the information from being improperly used.
The following personal 온라인 슬롯 files can be requested for access according to the provisions set by relevant laws, including the "Act on the Protection of Personal 온라인 슬롯 in Public Institutions."
- The following matters may be restricted from being viewed according to Article 13 of the Act (Restriction on Access to Processed 온라인 슬롯).
The 온라인 슬롯 subject who has accessed its personal 온라인 슬롯 may request corrections in the following cases:
• Anyone whose rights or interests are infringed upon by a disposition or nonfeasance by the head of a public institution in response to a request made under Article 12 (Access to Processed 온라인 슬롯) Clause 1 or Article 14 Clause 1 (Correction of Processed 온라인 슬롯) of the "Act on the Protection of Personal 온라인 슬롯 in Public Institutions" may file an administrative appeal as prescribed by the Administrative Appeals Act.
Note: Refer to the following link for detailed 온라인 슬롯 on administrative appeals.
• Ministry of Government Legislation: http://www.moleg.go.kr/
※ Administrative Appeals Commission Contact 온라인 슬롯 (Please refer to the Ministry of Government Legislation's website.)
PAL has designated and operates a Personal 온라인 슬롯 Protection Officer as follows to ensure the legality and appropriateness of procedures in handling personal 온라인 슬롯 to safeguard the rights and interests of the public and execute its public duties properly.
Please get in touch with the following for inquiries or confirmations regarding the personal 온라인 슬롯 files held by PAL and PAL's privacy policy:
PAL will continuously monitor and supervise so that the personal 온라인 슬롯 collected by legal regulations is used in line with the purposes of collection and processing.